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Constantza

/ Culture & Community / Education and Philanthropy / Schools / List of Schools

List of Schools    EN
Author: ARDELEANU KONSTANTIN
History

The first Romanian schools were opened at Constanţa in 1879, in difficult conditions. The initiator was C. Petrescu, a teacher who in the following years also taught for adult students. A proper building for the first schools for boys and girls was only completed in 1894, being called “Şcoala Mixtă Principele Ferdinand şi principesa Maria” (“The Mixed School Prince Ferdinand and Princess Marie”) [1]. New schools were founded in the 1890s and 1900s, so that before the First World War there were three primary schools for boys and three for girls [2].

A Teacher Training School was established in 1893, following the efforts of Ion Bănescu. The institution had four preparatory classes [3], but in 1896 the central authorities decided to move all students to Câmpulung and to replace this school with a gymnasium. It was reopened in 1912 and came to have a proper building [4].

“Mircea cel Bătrân” Gymnasium had 134 pupils in its first year and came to be one of the best high schools in Romania, with a modern curricula. It also had real–commercial classes that studied accounting and the commercial sciences. However, this commercial section was discontinued several times throughout this period [5]. As it did not have a proper building, in 1908 Minister Spiru Haret bought an estate for the construction and in 1913–1914 the municipality accepted the construction of the new building in the public garden. In 1911, when it was recognised as a Lyceum, the school had 171 pupils, and by 1915–1916 the number increased to 371. Among the important graduates a special mention deserves sculptor Ion Jalea [6].

The Professional School for Girls “Regina Elisabeta” was founded in September 1897, under the direction of Valentina Boteanu, with a class of 40 pupils. It developed during the following decades and became one of the best professional schools in the country [7].

The difficulties related to the foundation of a proper high school favoured the creation of private schools, such as those of Lelia Petraru or the Anghene Institute. “Mircea Vodă” Institute was a school with courses of lyceum and a commercial section of second grade (superior). In only six years 226 pupils graduated there. It was dissolved in 1907, so that local merchants required the founding of a commercial section in the gymnasium [8].

 

[1]Din tezaurul documentar dobrogean, edited by Marin Stanciu (Bucharest: Direcţia Generală a Arhivelor Statului din RSR, 1988), 195–196.

[2] Details for 1910 at Expunerea situaţiei județului Constanța pe anul 1910-1911, prezentată de I. T. Ghyka (Bucharest: Tipografia și Stabilimentul de Arte Grafice George Ionescu, 1910), 46–47; Expunerea situaţiunei judeţului Constanţa pe anul 1913–1914 prezentată Consiliului Judeţian în sesiunea ordinară de la 15 octombrie 1914 de către D-nul Luca Oancea (Constanţa: Institutul de Arte Grafice Vulcan, 1915), 39; Constantin Boncu, Natalia Boncu, Constanţa. Contribuţii la istoricul localităţii (Bucharest: Editura Litera, Bucureşti, 1979), 83–90; Jermen Miu, Elena Jiga, “Unele considerații privind învățământul constănțean după reintegrarea Dobrogei la statul român”, in vol. Dobrogea – model de conviețuire multietnică și multiculturală, edited by Virgil Coman (Constanța: Ed. Munteani, 2008), 108.

[3] Angela Pop, “Contribuția cadrelor didactice la viața culturală a Dobrogei între anii 1878–1916”, Comunicări de istorie a Dobrogei (Constanţa: Muzeul de Istorie Naţională şi Arheologie, 1980), vol. I, 128.

[4] Ioan Georgescu, “Învățământul public în Dobrogea”, in vol. 1878–1928. Dobrogea. Cincizeci de ani de vieața românească (București: Cultura Națională, 1928), 641; Din tezaurul, 386; Filofteia Rotariu, “Rolul şcolii normale şi al corpului învăţătoresc dobrogean în sistemul instrucţiei şcolare din provincia transdanubiană (1878–1944)”, in vol. Colegiul Pedagogic „Constantin Brătescu”. Valori ale civilizaţiei româneşti în Dobrogea, edited by St. Lascu and C. Vitanos (Constanţa: Poligraf, 1993), 41–49; Stoica Lascu, Mărturii de epocă privind istoria Dobrogei (1878–1947), vol. I (1878–1916) (Constanţa: Muzeul de Istorie Naţională şi Arheologie, 1999), 572, 615–617.

[5] Georgescu, “Învățământul”, 664–665, 688; Pop, “Contribuţia”, 128–129.

[6]Expunerea situaţiei judeţului Constanţa pe anul 1911, prezentata de Const. Pariano (Constanţa: Tipografia Română Dimitrie Nicolaescu, 1912), 31–33; Vasile Helgiu, “Şcoala primară din Dobrogea în curs de 40 ani (1879–1919)”, Analele Dobrogei, 1:2 (1920), 237–238; G. Coriolan, “Din trecutul Liceului Mircea cel Bătrân”, Analele Dobrogei, 3:1 (1922), 70–71; Constantin Vitanos, “Contribuţia şcolii la înălţarea României de la Mare (1878–2003)”, in vol. Studii istorice dobrogene, edited by Valentin Ciorbea (Constanţa: Ovidius University Press, 2003), 195; Ion Faiter, Monografia Colegiului Naţional „Mircea cel Bătrân” Constanţa (Constanţa: Ed. Muntenia, 2004).

[7] Georgescu, “Învățământul”, 687; Pop, “Contribuţia”, 129–130.

[8]Ibid., 129.

References

Archival sources:

Serviciul Judeţean Constanţa al Arhivelor Naţionale (The National Archives, Constanţa Branch), Primăria municipiului Constanţa (The Municipality of Constanţa), files starting with 1878.

Serviciul Judeţean Constanţa al Arhivelor Naţionale (The National Archives, Constanţa Branch), Şcoala Normală de Institutori şi Învăţătoare Constanţa (The Teachers Training School of Constanţa), files starting with 1892.

Serviciul Judeţean Constanţa al Arhivelor Naţionale (The National Archives, Constanţa Branch), Şcoala nr. 3 de Fete Constanţa (No. 3 School for Girls Constanţa), files starting with 1913.

Serviciul Judeţean Constanţa al Arhivelor Naţionale (The National Archives, Constanţa Branch), Şcoala nr. 3 Constanţa (No. 3 School Constanţa), files starting with 1913.

Bibliography:

Din tezaurul documentar dobrogean [Treasure of Documents on Dobrudja] (Bucharest: Direcţia Generală a Arhivelor Statului din RSR, 1988).

Expunerea situaţiei județului Constanța pe anul 1910–1911, prezentată de I. T. Ghyka [The Exposition of the Situation of Constanţa County in 1910–1911, Presented by I. T. Ghyka] (Bucharest: Tipografia și Stabilimentul de Arte Grafice George Ionescu, 1910).

Georgescu, Ioan, “Învățământul public în Dobrogea” [The Public Education in Dobrudja], in vol. 1878–1928. Dobrogea. Cincizeci de ani de vieața românească [1878–1928. Dobrudja. Fifty Years of Romanian Life] (București: Cultura Națională, 1928)

Lascu, Stoica, Mărturii de epocă privind istoria Dobrogei (1878–1947) [Contemporary Evidence on the History of Dobrudja], vol. I (1878–1916) (Constanţa: Muzeul de Istorie Naţională şi Arheologie, 1999).

Miu, Jermen, Jiga, Elena, “Unele considerații privind învățământul constănțean după reintegrarea Dobrogei la statul român” [Some Remarks on the Education in Constanţa after the Reintegration of Dobrudja to the Romanian State], in vol. Dobrogea – model de conviețuire multietnică și multiculturală [Dobrudja – a Model of Multiethnic and Multicultural Living], edited by Virgil Coman (Constanța: Ed. Munteani, 2008), 103–128.

Păcuraru, D. M., Un secol de învăţământ pedagogic la Constanţa. Istoricul Şcolii Normale Constantin Brătescu [A Century of Pedagogical Education at Constanţa. The History of the Constantin Brătescu Teacher Trening School] (Constanţa: Ed. Muntenia, 1993).

Pop, Angela, “Contribuția cadrelor didactice la viața culturală a Dobrogei între anii 1878–1916” [The Contribution of the Didactic Staff at Dobrudja’s Cultural Life in the Years 1878–1916], Comunicări de istorie a Dobrogei [Papers on the History of Dobrudja] (Constanţa: Muzeul de Istorie Naţională şi Arheologie, 1980), vol. I, 125–147.

Rădulescu, Adrian, Lascu, Stoica, Haşotti, Lascu, Ghid de oraş. Constanţa [City Guidebook. Constanţa] (Bucharest: Sport Turism, 1985).

Rotaru, Filofteia, “Rolul şcolii normale şi al corpului învăţătoresc dobrogean în sistemul instrucţiei şcolare din provincia transdanubiană (1878–1944)” [The Role of the Teacher Trening School and of the Teaching Staff from Dobrudja in the Educational System from the Transdanubian Province (1878–1944), in vol. Colegiul Pedagogic „Constantin Brătescu”. Valori ale civilizaţiei româneşti în Dobrogea [The “Constantin Brătescu” Pedagogical College. Values of Romanian Civilisation in Dobrudja], edited by St. Lascu and C. Vitanos, (Constanţa: Poligraf, 1993), 41–49.

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